Cotton Duck Fabric, we often call it Canvas. Canvas is a thicker, thicker cotton or linen fabric named after its original use in sails. It is usually made in plain weave, with a small amount of twill, and the warp and weft yarns are made with multiple strands. Canvas is usually divided into two categories: coarse canvas and fine canvas.

Coarse canvas, also known as canopy cloth, has good water resistance, is strong and durable, and is used for car transport, open-air warehouse coverings, and field tents. Fine canvas is used to make labor protection clothing and its supplies. After dyeing or printing, it can also be used as a shoe material, luggage fabric, handbags, backpacks, tablecloths, tablecloths, etc. In addition, there is also rubber canvas, shielding canvas for fire and radiation protection, and canvas for paper machines.

It is thought that canvas and sailing ships came into existence simultaneously, but this is not the case. Canvas has an extremely long history and was used extensively in ancient Roman times. Because of its multi-stranded weave, the canvas is strong, hard-wearing and dense, and was originally used by the Romans to make wrist covers for training eagles. The densely woven, the thick canvas was also waterproof and was eventually used in large numbers by the Romans to make their marching tents. The first modern parachutes were made from canvas because of their hard-wearing properties. The first modern football had a rubber core with a canvas surface. The world’s first oil paintings appeared in the fifteenth century on thick, hard-wearing canvas. In the early sixteenth century, the canvas was brought to the Americas by merchants. At the beginning of the European migration to the Americas, canvas bags became the favorite of people who wanted freedom and were full of adventure. In China in the 1960s and 1970s, the army green canvas school bag became a fashion item. As technology progressed and textile techniques improved, the range of canvas became more varied and more widely used. The environmental era has come to an end in the twenty-first century, and canvas, an environmentally friendly fabric, has gained more recognition.

Canvas is made of cotton or hemp as the raw material of the thick fabric. The choice is generally plain tissue, of course, also valuable for twill tissue. The canvas can be classified as coarse canvas and fine canvas; these two have many good characteristics. A wide range of uses, like canvas shoes, canvas bags, and some clothing, will use canvas production. To let the guys have a more in-depth understanding of canvas, I will combine the advantages and disadvantages of canvas fabric to introduce you to this fabric.

Advantages of the cotton duck fabric

Canvas is produced from natural fibers such as cotton and linen, which are healthy and non-polluting materials. No harmful substances will be added and made in the production and processing of canvas. For qualified canvas fabrics, we can use them with confidence.

The main feature of the canvas is that it is strong, wearable, and durable, and many of the tablecloths and bags we see on the market are made of canvas. In addition, canvas has the function of a waterproof shade. Some unique canvas has the role of fire and radiation protection. Canvas fabrics are stable and do not fade quickly after dyeing or printing, and most of them are now in vintage style.

Disadvantages of the cotton duck fabric

Because it has to go through multiple processing processes, it invariably increases the production cost of canvas, and the finished product will naturally be a little more expensive. Because canvas is mostly a solid color style, it is not dirt-resistant and may shrink after washing. Poor maintenance can easily cause the fabric to age and deteriorate.

Details of cotton duck fabric

Classification

Coarse canvas, also known as canopy cloth, is commonly woven from 4 to 7 strands of No. 58 (10 bobbins); the fabric is firm and resistant to folding and has good waterproofing properties.

Fine canvas warp and weft yarns are generally two strands of No. 58 to 6 strands of No. 28 (10/2 to 21/6) and are used to make protective clothing and supplies. After dyeing, it can also be used to fabric for shoes, travel bags, backpacks, etc.

Yarn count

In short, yarn count refers to the thickness of the yarn, which is still commonly used in China in the “English style”: a pound (454 g) of cotton yarn (or other component yarn) with a length of 840 yards (0.9144 yards/m) is one yarn. If a pound of yarn is 10 x 840 yards in length, the fineness is 10 yarns. 32S/2, 42 skeins with 3 twists: 42S/3.

Density

The fabric density of canvas is calculated in metric units and refers to the number of warp and weft yarns arranged in a square inch. The size of the density directly affects the appearance, feel, thickness, strength, folding resistance, breathability, abrasion resistance, and warmth of the fabric and the cost of the product and its production efficiency.

The following two methods determine warp and weft densities:

Direct counting

The direct counting method is done using a fabric mirror or a fabric density analysis mirror. When analyzing the density of the fabric, move the lens, align the red line on the glass and the red line on the scale with two yarns at the same time, take this as the starting point and count the number of yarns while moving the lens until the 5cm scale is reached. The output is multiplied by 2, which is the density value of the 10cm fabric.

When counting the yarn roots, take the center between the two yarns as the starting point. If the number of yarns exceeds 0.5 and is less than one, it should be counted as 0.75; if it is less than 0.5, it should be counted as 0.25. Fabric density should generally be measured 3-4 data, then take its arithmetic mean as the measurement result.

Indirect test method

This method is suitable for densely packed fabrics with a small number of yarn features and a regular organization. Firstly, the fabric is analyzed. The number of warp yarns in its tissue cycle (the number of weft yarns in the tissue cycle) is multiplied by the number of tissue cycles in 10 cm and the resulting product of the warp (weft) yarn density.

Grammage

The weight in grams of a square meter of fabric. Woven canvas fabrics are measured in ounces. Knitted canvas is generally measured in grams (g/m2). The conversion is 1 ounce equals 28.375 grams, but it is generally 28.35 grams on a weighing machine. It is related to the yarn count and fabric warp and weft density; the thicker the yarn, the greater the density, the wider the fabric, the greater the gram weight.

This and the fabric yarn weave density does not have much to do with, but the ounce is used in thicker fabrics, such as denim canvas must be in ounces; you can also understand the yarn weave thicker with ounces but generally used in denim and canvas.

Width

Width: The width of the canvas in the weft direction, commonly used internationally as inches, e.g., 47″. In China, it is often expressed in centimeters or cm, e.g., “120cm”.

Conversion formula between inches and centimetres: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

Commonly used conversion form for calculating the width of the canvas.

Types of cotton duck fabric

The first is cotton canvas

The cotton content of this canvas is close to 100%, as cotton canvas absorbs moisture well, has a soft and comfortable texture, has a plain appearance, and a retro feel. Sneakers are typical; of course, they can also be printed and treated as a canvas. The fabric has an excellent, fashionable look, but the disadvantage of cotton canvas is that it is not easy to dry in the sun when wet. When wearing sneakers on a rainy day, you must try not to let the upper come into contact with water.

The second is a printed canvas of polyester and cotton.

Polyester and cotton blended canvas feel comfortable, elasticity, resistance to wear and tear are also excellent. Still, the properties’ specific strength and the content of polyester in the canvas determine the canvas’s coloring, so the canvas shoes are of different colors. Due to the high polyester content of polyester, the cotton canvas will substantially reduce the moisture absorption and breathability of the fabric. The canvas coloring is good, but the poor quality of polyester and cotton canvas are prone to fading, so when buying canvas fabric, you must pay attention to the specific composition and content of the fabric.

The third is hemp canvas

The canvas fabric face polyester/cotton to rough, elasticity is also less than the above two, but wear resistance and absorption of aeration is very outstanding, proposed to buy hemp composition canvas shoes in summer.